Bubble convection is characterized by two non-dimensional parameters (Pr and Ra).
Almost steady convection is formed for some conmintions of parameters, and unsteady convective motion occurs in others.
Click the underlined case, and you will see the animation of the simulated convection.| Pr=10^-3 | Pr=10^-2 | Pr=10^-1 | Pr=10^0 | Pr=10^1 | Pr=\infty | |
| Ra=10^10 | steady |
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| Ra=10^9 | steady |
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| Ra=10^8 | steady |
steady |
steady |
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| Ra=10^7 | steady |
steady |
steady |
steady |
unsteady |
unsteady |
| Ra=10^6 | steady |
steady |
steady |
unsteady |
unsteady |
|
| Ra=10^5 | steady |
steady |
unsteady |
unsteady |
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| Ra=10^4 | steady |
steady |
unsteady |
unsteady |
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